職場叢林：拼智力還是拼努力

一個人的成功或失敗到底取決於什麼因素？它不是取決於機敏精明、天資聰穎、幸運，而是取決於堅韌。怎樣成為一個堅忍不拔的人？你需要做到5件事。

My daughter has a high IQ. I’ve always sensed it, and eventually, proved it with a test. At leastonce a month we have this ritual. “I’m not learning anything,” she says to me, as she’s facedwith her after school homework. “School’s not about getting smarter,” I tell her, “It’s aboutworking harder.”

我女兒的智商挺高。在她小的時候我就有這種想法，後來帶她做了智商測試，結果不出所料。每月我們至少進行一次以下例行公事的對話。她面對著課外作業，對我說：“我每天上學學不到任何東西。”我則教導她說：“上學並不是為了讓你變聰明，而是讓你更努力。”

Having spent the past two decades watching people rise and fall in the innovation economy,I’ve never been convinced that IQ has much clout. In fact, I think it’s a burden if you think itdoes. It’s not smarts, it’s not talent, it’s not even luck or chance that separates the risers fromthe fallers ? it’s grit.

在職場中經歷了20年的風雨，見多了人們在創新經濟中的沉浮，我一直認為IQ在職場中並不是那麼重要。非但如此，如果你真把IQ看得過於重要，反而會成為一種負擔。我認為真正在創新經濟中主宰人之沉浮的因素並不是機敏精明、天資聰穎、幸運或機遇，而是“堅韌”。

The term “grit” was made popular in academic circles in 2013 by Angela Duckworth, apsychology professor at the University of Pennsylvania Psychology. Calling it the “quality ofbeing able to sustain your passions, and also work really hard at them, over reallydisappointingly long periods of time,” she explained that people with grit are people who canovercome stress and use failure as a means to achieve their ultimate goals.

2013年，“堅韌”這個詞在學術圈流行起來還要歸功於賓夕法尼亞大學心理學系教授安吉拉o達克沃什。她把“堅韌”解釋為“在漫長、沮喪而艱難的歲月中，能夠支撐你的熱情，敦促你為目標奮力工作的品質”，她認為堅韌的人能克服壓力，把失敗化為追逐終極目標的手段。

I’ll add ? grit isn’t just working hard; it’s continuing that effort long after the fat lady has begunsinging. It’s finishing the race when you’re dead last. It’s seeing failure as a simple, necessarystep to achieve what you want. To me, grit is an indomitable spirit.

除此之外，我認為堅韌並不是只有努力工作這一層含義;它還包括在目標達成後仍然努力不停歇。是奔跑到生命最後一刻的精神。堅韌的人，把失敗看得簡單，就是通往夢想的必須。我理解的堅韌，是一種不屈不撓的精神。

Duckworth and her colleagues were able to use their measure of grit to predict successfuloutcomes in everything from the Scripps National Spelling Bee to graduation from Chicagopublic schools. Students with grit continuously prevailed over those with high IQs.

達克沃什及同事用他們設計的“堅韌量表”測量人們的堅韌度，並據此成功預測了很多事情，包括斯克裡普斯全美拼字比賽的優勝者和芝加哥公立學校的畢業率等等。堅韌的學生總是能壓倒性地超過那些聰明的學生。

It’s a funny thing when something as seemingly concrete as IQ gets trumped by what mostpeople assume are just a personality trait. I’m with Duckworth, though. Grit can bemeasured.

大部分人認為堅韌只是一種個性品質，所以他們覺得，一種無形的個性品質竟然能把IQ這種似乎可以視為有形的特質比下去有點可笑。但我同意達克沃什的看法。堅韌是可測的。

And when I hire, it’s the number one thing I look for in a candidate. If you want to be gritty,here’s what I ask of you.

在招聘員工的時候，我最首要的關注點在於候選人是否堅韌。如果你想變成一個堅韌的人，下面這幾點是你必須要做到的。

Know how to fail.

知道如何失敗。

If you’ve ever done any prototyping, you’ll know that failure is systemic to the model. You getto a place where you’re 70% right, implement your idea, and learn from the data produced byyour mistakes. Innovation requires failure, and yet somehow, our schools still teach us to avoidit. What a disservice we do when we tell children with high IQs they shouldn’t be capable offailure, so long as they try. In doing so, we close off their chance for learning. When I hire, Ilook for the person who failed the first time around and came back a second time with anarsenal. I don’t just want the risk-takers, I want the people who use those risks and failures tolearn. Grit is resilience.

假如你用過原型法，你就會明白失敗是完善原型系統的必須。當你設計的原型最初有70%成功保證的時候，貫徹你的想法，並從錯誤中得到資料，用於進一步改進系統。創新需要失敗，但是學校卻在教導我們規避失敗。我們在高智商的孩子們嘗試做某件事的時候，不斷提醒他們不要犯錯，這樣做對他們其實是一種傷害。我們這麼做是剝奪了他們學習的權利。招聘新員工的時候，我尋找的是經歷過第一次的失敗，總結經驗後再次參加面試的人。我不只需要敢於冒險的員工，我需要能從風險和失敗中總結經驗的員工。堅韌是一種復原力。

Forget the grade.

忘記個人成績。

Grit is working hard without the need for recognition. My friend Jane Park, CEO of Julep, toldme that the biggest problems she and her peers have with young hires is that they’re workingfor the A grade and not for the team. You want to be gritty? Put in your time ? not for yourown betterment, but for the team’s betterment. Be dependable and follow through for yourteam. Make it your goal to show up for something bigger than you.

堅韌是努力工作，無需認可。聚麗(Julep)執行長珍妮o帕克是我的朋友，她曾跟我談起她和同行們發現的一個問題，就是年輕僱員在工作中存在一個共性，他們工作是為自己能嶄露頭角，而並不是為了整個團隊。你想變成堅韌的人嗎?努力讓整個團隊進步，而不僅僅是為了你個人。依靠你的'團隊，為你的團隊堅持到底。以此為目標，超越一己私利的侷限。

Be an owner.

做自己的主人。

A recent study showed that 80% of graduating seniors expect that their future employers willtrain them at their new jobs, while in reality, less than 50% will receive any such training. Gritmeans owning your own learning. If you want to learn something, don’t wait. Go after it witheverything you’ve got, and when you show someone in an interview how you did x, y and z ?you’ll not only showcase your skill but your grit.

最新研究表明，80%的畢業生希望未來僱主能在他們初入職場的時候提供職業培訓，但事實上，只有不足50%的畢業生才能接受崗位培訓。堅韌的人能自主學習。如果你有學習新知識的想法，就要立刻行動。拼盡全力追逐目標，在面試時向面試官展示你何如做到某件事的時候——你不但展示了技能，還有堅韌的品格。

Throw away your entitlement.

扔掉光環。

Your IQ tells employers nothing. A school name on a diploma and GPA tell employers w those signifiers away, and show us who you really are. Being authentic and present inyour own skin and not relying on any name, person or score ? that’s grit. That’s what we wantto see.

對僱主來說，智商說明不了什麼，學位證書上的學校名稱說明不了什麼，考試的平均分也說明不了什麼。把這些亂七八糟的符號都丟掉，告訴我們你到底是什麼樣的人。不依靠任何名字、人物或分數的包裝，展示一個真實、自信的你——這就是堅韌。這就是我們想要看到的。

Live life outside of your comfort zone.

走出安樂窩。

It sounds cliché, but it’s grit at its finest. Become comfortable in the uncomfortable. You won’tregret it. I talk about grit from the standpoint of a CEO. But grit is something applicableeverywhere. Grit is what makes you stand out ? not just in a company or in school, but in the heart of it, grit means striving for progress and never yielding in pursuit of yourpassions.

這句話看起來毫無新意，但卻是對堅韌最好的詮釋。做到隨遇而安，你絕對不會後悔。我以CEO的身份談了我對堅韌的看法。但堅韌適用於所有事情。無論是在公司或是在學校，甚至在生活中，堅韌都能讓你出類拔萃。堅韌的含義中最為核心的一點是為進步而奮鬥，在追求激情的道路上決不屈服。