對外加工貿易
對外加工貿易1
1威海市對外加工貿易的現狀
1.1從加工貿易總量增幅來看，威海市對外加工貿易保持較高增幅近年來，威海市緊抓日韓產業轉移的有利時機，積極發展加工貿易，從無到有、從小到大、由弱變強，逐年遞增。截至20xx年，全市實現生產總值2337.86億元，規模以上工業企業1640家，完成固定資產投資1595.45億元，對外貿易進出口總額171.19億美元，實際到賬外資8.0億美元(依據威海招商網公佈資料)。
1.2從貿易結構方面來看，威海市及各附屬區縣進料加工快於來料加工進入21世紀後，威海市在國家及山東省政府的支援下，對外開放力度不斷加大，美、日、韓、新加坡、菲律賓等外資企業加快進入，使進料加工在整個威海市加工貿易中的比重不斷提高，成為威海市加工貿易的主要方式。
1.3從經營主體結構來看，民營企業雖得到較快發展，外商投資依然佔優自20世紀90年代以來，在國家及山東省優惠政策相繼出臺並落實的基礎上，威海市憑藉優越的區位優勢，使外商投資企業紛紛進入威海。外商投資憑藉其在生產技術、管理經驗等方面的優勢，逐步取代國內企業，成為威海市對外加工貿易的主體。同時，隨著威海市相關政策的出臺，當地民營企業對外加工貿易如雨後春筍，快速發展。此外，山東骨幹企業加工貿易整體推動強勢，大企業拉動作用明顯。
1.4從出口商品結構來看，高新科技產品出口日益增加威海市憑藉優越的`地理位置，以膠東半島高階產業聚集區和最新提出的山東半島藍色經濟區建設為契機，重點培育港口物流基地、船舶修造及配套基地、濱海旅遊休閒度假基地、新能源及配套產業基地、海產品生產及精深加工基地、現代石化基地等六大海洋優勢產業基地，努力培植髮展五大領域高階產業：現代服務業、高效生態農業、戰略性產業、新技術產業、先進製造業。因而高新技術產品加工貿易得以迅速發展，在整個威海市加工貿易中的比重日益提高。
2威海市對外加工貿易存在的問題
在發展的過程中，威海市的對外加工貿易不可避免地面臨著一系列發展瓶頸問題，具體來說分為以下幾個方面：
2.1威海市對外加工貿易中出口商品結構不合理雖然近年來威海市對外加工貿易出口商品結構有了較大程度的改觀，但與沿海發達省份的地級市，如溫州、無錫、蘇州、泉州相比，仍然存在一定差距。縱觀威海地區加工貿易，農副產品、紡織類等勞動密集型產品佔比重較大，影響了威海市對外加工貿易的整體結構水平。
2.2加工貿易產業鏈短，對經濟增長和產業拉動作用有限盡管加工貿易對威海市對外貿易的快速發展起到了一定的拉動作用，但由於威海市對外加工貿易中很大一部分是勞動密集型產業，技術含量相對較低，且仍處於簡單裝配加工階段，國內生產主要集中在產業鏈下游，因而利潤較低，加工貿易的示範帶動效應相對偏弱。外商投資企業往往對所在企業先進技術實行嚴格壟斷，引進外資所期盼的技術外溢效應不明顯。
2.3.威海市對外加工貿易企業大多缺乏所有權優勢威海市對外加工貿易企業很少有當地特色品牌，缺乏所有權優勢。大多數企業只能進行微利的貼牌生產，成為制約威海市對外加工貿易發展的瓶頸之一。
3威海市對外加工貿易轉型升級對策
面對以上問題，威海市對外加工貿易亟須轉型升級，具體來說，需要做到以下幾個方面：
3.1政府要完善引資政策，推進對外加工貿易企業轉型升級穩定的加工貿易扶持政策體系是穩步推進加工貿易轉型升級的必要條件。這就要求威海市除了在制定稅收優惠政策、進出口裝置政策、園區配套設施等相關轉入產業的優惠政策之外，還要制定相應的財政優惠政策，以改善產業成長與發展的軟環境，簡化有關投資專案審批辦事程式，為客商主動搞好各項服務。同時扶持並引導威海市對外加工貿易企業走出一條以自主創新為核心的轉型升級之路。
3.2對外加工企業需提高產業品牌，增加高科技附加值，延長國內價值鏈產業鏈條較短、科技含量不高，是制約威海市對外加工貿易發展的根本原因。威海市加工貿易轉型升級要在提高產業層次和加工深度上下功夫，從提高加工貿易附加值入手，大力發展國內配套產業，同時大力吸引國外技術。近年來，全球製造業價值鏈在我國的佈局日益系統化，跨國公司近年在華投資加大了在價值鏈上游研發環節的投資。威海市應抓住價值鏈模組化的機遇，利用跨國公司投資的技術擴散效應，鼓勵企業加強國際間的科研交流與合作，把對外加工貿易作為承接國際產業轉移的有效平臺。要採取加大對大型跨國企業的吸引力度、鼓勵外商投資企業設立研發中心等措施提升加工貿易水平檔次，充分利用跨國公司技術溢位效應，將勞動力優勢轉換成產業技術優勢。
3.3結合山東半島藍色經濟區相關規劃，因地制宜發展海洋產業山東半島藍色經濟區本質是培育海洋優勢產業、科學開發海洋資源並大力發展海洋經濟。因此，山東省威海市要審時度勢，乘勢而上，在選擇承接相關產業時，應注重充分發揮臨海產業優勢，充分發展船舶產業、海洋開發與保護產業、現代漁業、電子資訊產業、醫藥產業、新材料產業、新能源等產業。
3.4形成產業叢集，提升三個國家級經濟開發區和十個省級旅遊經濟開發區的承載能力產業園區被公認為區域品牌建設的最佳載體。威海市產業園區現在做得比較好，威海市現有威海火炬高技術產業開發區、威海出口加工區、威海經濟技術開發區三個國家級經濟開發區，另有乳山經濟開發區、文登經濟開發區、榮成經濟開發區、榮成工業園區等十個省級旅遊經濟開發區。威海市應充分發揮所轄的三個國家級經濟開發區和十個省級旅遊經濟開發區的投資窪地效應，引進有可能形成產業鏈的企業叢集。在園區建設中，威海市及所轄乳山、榮成等區縣應注重高起點規劃園區，多層次建設產業園區，設定合理的企業准入機制，把威海市打造成不斷擴大園區的產業生態空間，加強產業鏈的密集程度的極具吸引力的國外先進產業轉移的目的地。
總之，要實現對外加工貿易成功轉型升級，威海市任重而道遠。所轄區要完善引資政策，將主要精力放在對外加工貿易企業上面，引導和扶持企業走出一條以自主創新為核心的轉型升級之路；創新提高產業品牌建設水平，形成在當地甚至是國際上有影響力的知名品牌，增加產品高科技成分，提高進出口技術含量，延長國內產業價值鏈；同時因地制宜發展特色產業；形成產業叢集，提升三個國家級經濟開發區和十個省級旅遊經濟開發區的承載能力，使威海市對外加工貿易更快更好更可持續地發展。
對外加工貿易2
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 11 Labor Management
Article 30 Labor contract covering the recruitment, employment, dismissal andresignation, wages, labor insurance, welfare, rewards, penalties and othermatters concerning the staff and workers of the cooperative venturecompany shall be drawn up between the cooperative venture company and thetrade union of the cooperative venture company as a whole, or theindividual employees in the cooperative venture company as a whole orindividual employees in accordance with the law of the People’’s Republicof China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures. The labor contracts shall, after being signed, be filed with the locallabor management department.
Article 31 The appointment of high-ranking administrative personnel recommendedby both parties, their salaries, social insurance, welfare and thestandard of travelling expenses etc. shall be decided by the meeting ofthe board of directors.
Chapter 12 Taxes, Finance and Audit
Article 32 The cooperative venture company shall pay taxes in accordance with theprovisions of Chinese laws and other relative regulations.
Article 33 Staff members and workers of the cooperative venture company shall payindividual income tax according to the Individual Income Tax Law of thePeople’’s Republic of China.
Article 34 The fiscal year of the joint venture company shall be from January 1to December 31. All vouchers, receipts, statistic statements and reportsshall be written in Chinese. (Note: A foreign language can be used concurrently with mutualconsent).
Article 35 Financial checking and examination of the cooperative venture companyshall be conducted by an auditor registered in China and reports shall besubmitted to the board of directors and the general manager. In case Party B considers it necessary to employ a foreign auditorregistered in another country to undertake annual financial checking andexamination, Party A shall give its consent. All the expenses thereofshall be borne by Party B.
Article 36 In the first three months of each fiscal year, the manager shallprepare the previous year’’s balance sheet, profit and loss statement andproposal regarding the disposal of profits, and submit them to the boardof directors for examination and approval.
Chapter 13 Duration of the Cooperative Venture
Article 37 The duration of the cooperative venture company is______ years. Theestablishment date of the joint venture company shall be the date on whichthe business license of the cooperative venture company is issued. An application for the extension of the duration, proposed by oneparty and unanimously approved by the board of directors, shall besubmitted to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (orthe examination and approval authority entrusted by it) six months priorto the expiry date of the joint venture.
Chapter 14 The Disposal of Assets after the Expiration of the Duration
Article 38 Upon the expiration of the duration, the assets shall belong to PartyA.
Chapter 15 Insurance
Article 39 Insurance policies of the joint venture company on various kinds ofrisks shall be underwritten with the People’’s Republic of China. Types,value and duration of insurance shall be decided by the board of directorsin accordance with the provisions of the People’’s Insurance Company ofChina.
Chapter 16 The Amendment, Alteration and Termination of the Con- tract
Article 40 The amendment of the contract or other appendices shall come intoforce only after a written agreement has been signed by Party A and PartyB and approved by the original examination and approval authority.
Article 41 In case of inability to fulfil the contract or to continue operationdue to heavy losses in successive years as a result of force majeure, theduration of the cooperative venture and the contract shall be terminatedbefore the time of expiration after being unanimously agreed upon by theboard of directors and approved by the original examination and approvalauthority.
對外加工貿易3
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 17 Liability for Breach of Contract
Article 42 Should the cooperative venture company be unable to continue itsoperation or achieve its business purpose due to the fact that one of thecontracting parties fails to fulfil the obligations prescribed by thecontract and articles of association, or seriously violates the provisionsof the contract and articles of association, that party shall be deemed tohave unilaterally terminated the contract. The other party shall have theright to terminate the contract in accordance with the provisions of thecontract after approval by the original examination and approvalauthority, and to claim damages. In case Party A and Party B of thecooperative venture company agree to continue the operation, the party whofails to fulfil its obligations shall be liable for the economic lossescaused thereby to the joint venture company.
Article 43 Should either Party A or Party B fail to provide on schedule thecontributions in accordance with the provisions defined in Chapter 5 ofthis contract, the party in breach shall pay to the other party________Yuan, or __________% of the contribution starting from the firstmonth after exceeding the time limit. Should the party in breach fail toprovide after ______months, _________Yuan, or _________% of thecontribution shall be paid to the other party, who shall have the right toterminate the contract and to claim damages from the party in breach inaccordance with the provisions of Article 42 of the contract.
Article 44 Should all or part of the contract and its appendices be unable to befulfilled owing to the fault of one party, the party in breach shall bearthe liability therefor. Should it be the fault of both parties, they shallbear their respective liabilities according to the actual situation.
Article 45 In order to guarantee the performance of the contract and itsappendices, both Party A and Party B shall provide each other with bankguarantees for performance of the contract within __________days after thecontract comes into force.
Chapter 18 Force Majeure
Article 46 Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented fromexecuting the contract by force majeure, such as earthquake, typhoon,flood, fire, war or other unforeseen events, and their occurrence andconsequences are unpreventable and unavoidable, the prevented party shallnotify the other party by telegram without any delay, and within 15 daysthereafter provide detailed information of the events and a valid documentfor evidence issued by the relevant public notary organization explainingthe reason of its inability to execute or delay the execution of all orpart of the contract. Both parties shall, through consultations, decidewhether to terminate the contract or to exempt part of the obligations forimplementation of the contract or whether to delay the execution of thecontract according to the effects of the events on the performance of thecontract.
Chapter 19 Applicable Law
Article 47 The formation, validity, interpretation, execution and settlement ofdisputes in respect of, this contract shall be governed by the relevantlaws of the People’’s Republic of China.
Chapter 20 Settlement of Disputes
Article 48 Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with, thecontract shall be settled through friendly consultations between bothparties. In case no settlement can be reached through consultations, thedisputes shall be submitted to the Foreign Economic and Trade ArbitrationCommission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Tradefor arbitration in accordance with its rules of procedure. The arbitralaward is final and binding upon both parties.
Article 49 During the arbitration, the contract shall be observed and enforced byboth parties except for the matters in dispute.
Chapter 21 Language
Article 50 The contract shall be written in Chinese and in ____________. Bothlanguage versions are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancybetween the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shallprevail.
Chapter 22 Effectiveness of the Contract and Miscellaneous
Article 51 The appendices drawn up in accordance with the principles of thiscontract are integral parts of this contract, including: the projectagreement, the technology transfer agreement, the sales agreement etc.
Article 52 The contract and its appendices shall come into force commencing fromthe date of approval of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and EconomicCooperation of the People’’s Republic of China (or its entrustedexamination and approval authority).
Article 53 Should notices in connection with any party’’s rights and obligationsbe sent by either Party A or Party B by telegram or telex, etc., theWritten letter notices shall be also required afterwards. The legaladdresses of Party A and Party B listed in this contract shall be theposting addresses.
對外加工貿易4
THE CONTRACT FOR SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE JOINT VENTURE
Chapter 1 General Provisions
In accordance with the Law of the People’’s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and other relevant Chinese laws andregulations, _______________Company and _________Company, in accordancewith the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through friendlyconsultations, agree to jointly set up a Cooperative venture in _______the People’’s Republic of China.
Chapter 2 Parties of the Cooperative VentureArticle
1 Parties to this contract are as follows: _________Company (hereinafterreferred to as Party A), registered with ______in China, and its legaladdress is at____________(street)_______(district)_____________(city)_____________China. Legal representative: Name: Position: Nationality: ___________Company (hereinafter referred to as Party B), registeredwith_______. Its legal address at___________. Legal representative: Name: Position: Nationality: (Note: In case there are more than two investors, they will be calledParty C, D... in proper order).
Chapter 3 Establishment of the Cooperative Venture Company
Article 2 In accordance with the Cooperative Venture Law and other relevantChinese laws and regulations, both parties of the Cooperative ventureagree to set up ___________Cooperative venture limited liability company(hereinafter referred to as the Cooperative venture company).
Article 3 The name of the Cooperative venture company is______________ LimitedLiability Company. The name in foreign language is _________. The legal address of the joint venture company is at__________street________(city)____________province.
Article 4 All activities of the Cooperative venture company shall be governed bythe laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of the People’’sRepublic of China.
Article 5 The organization form of the Cooperative venture company is a limitedliability company. The profits, risks and losses of the Cooperativeventure company shall be shared by the parties according to the relevantprovisions thereafter.
Chapter 4 The Purpose, Scope and Scale of Production and Business
Article 6 The goals of the parties to the Cooperative venture are to enhanceeconomic cooperation technical exchanges, to improve the product quality,develop new products, and gain a competitive position in the world marketin quality and price by adopting advanced and appropriate technology andscientific management methods, so as to raise economic results and ensuresatisfactory economic benefits for each Cooperator. (Note: This article shall be written according to the specificsituations in the contract).
Article 7 The productive and business scope of the Cooperative venture companyis to produce ________products; provide maintenance service after the saleof the products; study and develop new products. (Note: It shall be written in the contract according to the specificconditions).
Article 8 The production scale of the Cooperative venture company is as follows: 1. The production capacity after the Cooperative venture is put intooperation is _________. 2. The production scale may be increased up to_____________ with thedevelopment of the production and operation. The product varieties may bedeveloped into ____________. (Note: It shall be written according to the specific situation).
Chapter 5 Total Amount of Investment and the Registered Capital
Article 9 The total amount of investment of the Cooperative venture company isRMB____________(or a foreign currency agreed upon by both parties).
Article 10 The registered capital of the joint venture company is RMB __________.(Exclusive of the right to the use of the site or the right to theexploitation of the natural resources and premises contributed by PartyA.)
Article 11 Party A and Party B will contribute the following to the cooperativeventure: Party A: premises__________m2 the right to the use of the site_________m2 Party B: cash ______________Yuan machines and equipment ____________Yuan industrial property __________Yuan others _____________Yuan, ___________Yuan in all. (Note: When contributing industrial property as investment, Party Aand Party B shall conclude a separate contract to be a part of this maincontract).
Article 12 The right to the use of site contributed by Party A shall be for theuse of the cooperative venture company within _______________days afterthe approval of the contract. The cash contributed by Party B shall be paid in_______________installment. Each installment shall be as follows: (Note: it shall be written according to the concrete conditions).
Article 13 The machines and equipment contributed by Party B as investment shallmeet the needs of the cooperative venture company, and shall be carried tothe Chinese port_________ days before the completion of the premisesconstruction.
對外加工貿易5
本合同於_________年_________月_________日在中國_________市簽訂。
甲方：中國_________公司法定地址：_________電話：_________電傳：_________
乙方：_________國_________公司法定地址：_________電話：_________電傳：_________
雙方在平等互利基礎上，通過友好協商，特訂立本合同。
第一條貿易內容
（一）乙方同意按甲方在合同中提出的嚴格標準和規格，用甲方提供的原料生產甲方指定的產品。
（二）加工成品名稱和數量
1、成品名稱：_________。
2、成品數量：_________。
第二條加工成品規格根據乙方提供的設計原型，圖紙與產品樣品，甲乙雙方共同制定規範，以滿足生產的需要，這種規範要符合加工成品的質量和效能標準。此規範一經雙方確定，任何變動只有依雙方書面協議修改。
第三條原材料供應
（一）本協議期間，最遲在每個公曆季度前_________月，甲方應向乙方提供該季度甲方定貨所需的生產原材料和消耗材料。
（二）乙方收到甲方提供的原材料後，應按甲方指定的檢查方法立即對原材料進行檢查，並將其結果在檢查完畢後_________天內向甲方報告。
不符合甲方規格要求的原材料不能用來生產指定產品。
第四條加工費
（一）加工單價1、_________型_________美元/個2、_________
（二）生產指定產品的加工費應該按上述價格執行並在第一個_________年期內不變。在此_________年期後，乙方可在不少於_________是給甲方以書面通知，以求改變加工費。
如果甲方接到改變加工費的通知後_________月內不作改變，此協議可以終止。
第五條支付條款關於加工費的支付、甲方至少應在每次完工的貨物裝船_________天以前，由經乙方認可的銀行開立以乙方為受益人，金額足以支付裝船貨物的保兌的不可撤銷的信用證。該信用證憑乙方的商業發票、全套提單、裝箱單和商檢證明議付。
第六條技術資料和技術服務
（一）乙方同意向甲方提供組裝加工成品所需的圖紙，說明書及成品測試、檢查標準等。
（二）甲方同意對乙方在加工裝配技術方面的質疑予以適當解答。
（三）在合同有效期內，根據乙方請求，乙方同意派遣其工程技術人員到乙方工廠進行與加工裝配有關的技術指導。甲方派遣工程技術人員的所有旅行費用和生活費用將由乙方承擔。
（四）在合同有效期內，根據乙方請求，甲方同意乙方人員到甲方工廠接受有關加工裝配的技術培訓。但乙方每次派遣人數不得超過_________人，停留時間不得超過_________天。乙方派遣人員的所有旅行費用和生活費用將由乙方承擔。
第七條質量控制和檢測
（一）生產的成品應由甲方指定的代理人或檢驗人進行檢驗，證明產品與甲方指定的質量標準和規範一致。
（二）如果出現產品不符合甲方標準的情況，甲方可拒絕收貨。但，甲方可根據甲乙雙方視每次具體情況的折扣議價予以接受。
（三）乙方為甲方生產的產品至少應與目前第三者銷售的類似產品質量相同。
第八條包裝與標記產品要嚴格按照甲方的指示和出口貨物商品常規進行合適包裝。
包裝要嚴格按甲方指示註明標記。
甲方應至少在貨物完工交運前_________天給乙方標記指示。
在和條件下，乙方應在裝船期前_________天內將船隻、船籍、船齡用電傳/傳真方式通知甲方。
在未得甲方確認時，裝運不得進行。
甲方應在_________工作日內予以確認，否則即認為船隻得到認可。
第九條裝運及交貨在和條件下，乙方應在裝船期前_________天內將船名、船籍、船齡用電傳/傳真方式通知甲方。
第十條料件耗用在加工裝配過程中的料件耗用率為_________%。
料件耗用率低於_________%，甲方將免費補充提供已耗用的料件。如料件耗用率超過_________%，乙方將承擔補充耗用料件所發生的一切費用。
第十一條所有權和風險轉移甲方交給乙方的原材料和用此生產的產品所有權、原材料或產品丟失的或損壞的風險，全部歸甲方。
不過，從乙方收到運來的材料起至交付產品給甲方時止，乙方經甲方同意，用甲方的費用，在保險公司就貨物的各種損壞、毀滅和丟失購買的.全值保險，甲方應為此保險的收益人。
第十二條不可抗力任何一方對由於下列原因而導致不能或暫時不能履行全部或部分合同義務的，不負責任：水災、火災、地震、乾旱、戰爭或其他任何雙方在簽約時不能預料、無法控制且不能避免和克服的事件。
但不可抗力影響的一方，應儘快地將所發生的事件通知對方，並應在事件發生後15天內將有關機構出具的不可抗力事件的證明寄交對方。
如果不可抗力事件之影響超過122天，雙方應協商合同繼續履行或終止履行的事宜。
第十三條仲裁對於因履行本合同發生的一切爭議，雙方應友好協商解決，如協商無法解決爭議，則應將爭議提交中國國際經濟仲裁委員會（北京），依據其仲裁規則進行仲裁。
仲裁裁決是終局的，對雙方都有約束力。
仲裁費用應由敗訴一方承擔，但仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外。
第十四條合同有效期本合同自雙方簽字之日起生效，有效期_________年。
第十五條合同修改對本合同的修改，必須對甲、乙雙方簽署書面協議才能成立。
第十六條文字本合同用中文和_________文寫成，兩種文字具有同等效力。
上述兩種文字如有不符，以中文字為準。
甲方（蓋章）：_________
代表人（簽字）：_________
職務：_________
乙方（蓋章）：_________
代表人（簽字）：_________
職務：_________
